Exit thickness–
Exit speed (h1 v1 = h2 v2)–
Can the rolls bite?–
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Volume constancy

Plastic deformation keeps volume almost constant. If the width stays about the same, thickness times speed must match on both sides of the rolls: h1 x v1 = h2 x v2. The exit speed readout is simply v1 x h1 / h2.

Draft is the thickness removed in one pass, h1 minus h2. Reduction is draft as a percentage of the entry thickness.

Try it: set the entry to 200 mm at 1 m/s and push the reduction to 50 percent. The strip leaves at 2 m/s, but the 100 mm draft is far beyond what the rolls can grip, so the bite readout says no.

How much the rolls can bite

A standard result says the largest draft the rolls can pull in is about the friction coefficient squared times the roll radius. This model assumes a friction coefficient of 0.3 and a 500 mm roll radius, giving about 45 mm, a simplified teaching value. Real mills rough a slab down over many passes, then finish it on a tandem line of stands running ever faster.

How to cite this model

Avid Solutions International. (2026, November 11). How a rolling mill flattens steel [Interactive 3D model]. Avid Field Lab. https://avidsolutionsintl.com/explore/rolling-mill

Last updated November 11, 2026

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